Olea europaea (240-280)

Origin
The Olea europaea, better known as the olive tree, has its origin in the Mediterranean region. Over time, this plant species has spread across various continents, adapting to different climates in the process. The olive tree plays a key role in the mythology, culture, and economy of many Mediterranean countries, in particular in the olive oil production process.

Characteristics
The Olea europaea is an evergreen tree or shrub and can reach a height of between 3 to 10 metres. Its leaves are silver-grey and lanceolate, which helps in reflecting direct sunlight to prevent overheating of the plant. Distinctive are the small, creamy white flowers and the abundant ability to bear fruit; the fruits, or olives, ripen from green to black.

Care
Despite the adaptability of the Olea europaea, it prefers a sunny location and well-drained soil to grow to its best potential. The plant has a low water requirement and is resistant to periods of drought. Pruning may be necessary in young trees to promote strong trunk formation, while in older trees pruning is primarily used for fruit production. The olive tree is quite resistant to diseases and pests, but can be susceptible to fungal infections in wet conditions.